India (IN)

INTRO

India is a country in southern Asia with a population of about 1.38 billion which is currently the second largest population in the world. Many languages are spoken in India with the most predominant being hindi. To the north of India is the himalayan mountains and the south of the country forms a peninsula which is surrounded by the Indian Ocean.       

#1- Trade (total, exports, and imports), as percentage of GDP- Miles

The table and graphs below shows information of total trade (imports and exports) as well as the imports & exports of goods and services in India for the years of 2007-2021, the past 15 years. This information was gathered by using the Worldbank.org databank. Trade is essential for a country to sustain itself as well as it’s economy. International trade helps countries grow, improve productivity, and can offer consumers more affordable goods and services. From the year 2011, the trade percentage of GDP for India has gone down at a somewhat consistent rate. The percentage of imports and exports are somewhat close to each other. The biggest gap was in 2011/12 with a 7% difference and the smallest gap was in 2016 with only a 1.87% difference. Over the past 9 years, the percentage of imports to exports have only varied by about 3% or less. Even due to the COVID 19 pandemic, the trade percentage of India’s GDP was not affected that much. Even in 2021, which was right in the middle of the pandemic, the percentage of trade was about the same as it was in the year 2018.

Total amount of trade, exports and imports, in % of GDP

Imports of goods and services in % of GDP

Exports of goods and services in % of GDP

#2 & #3- Foreign direct investment inflows and outflows, net USD and as percentage of GDP by Chris

Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold within a certain time period by countries. GDP is generally used to assess the size of an economy and whether or not it is growing or declining.

Foreign direct investment net inflows are the value of inward direct investment made by non-resident investors in the reporting economy. Foreign direct investment inflows can also promote competition in the domestic input market. This line graph is displaying the foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) in the past 10 years. This data was collected from the world data bank https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators .

Foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment net outflows are the value of outward direct investment made by the residents of the reporting economy to external economies. This line graph is displaying the foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP) in the past 10 years. This data was collected from the world data bank https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators .

CountryTimeForeign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)Foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP)
India20121.3129343370.467994118
India20131.5162759650.09505724
India20141.6956587860.573111845
India20152.0921157580.357212358
India20161.9373631980.219944965
India20171.5073165810.418263755
India20181.5582147930.422422731
India20191.7873817390.464081218
India20202.412664680.416940355
India2021N/AN/A

This table is the specific data utilized to create the graphs above. This information is used to depict the historical change in foreign direct investment either inflow or outflow represented as % of GDP in the past 10 years. This data was collected from the world data bank https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators .

#4- Attitudes toward globalization (James Hartmann)

This indicator describes the general attitudes towards topics regarding globalization based on a series of questions asked to Indian citizens in 2014. The data is only from the year 2014 and was acquired from pewresearch.com (Faith and Skepticism about Trade, Foreign Investment). The tables illustrate people’s viewpoints on certain topics. The numbers are individual people, not percentages.

#5- Internet access (James Hartmann)

This indicator describes the trend of internet access throughout India’s history through population and secure internet server data. Data is from the last 35 years, from 1985 to 2020, and was obtained from the World Development Indicators, specifically (Individuals using the Internet (% of population)) and number of secure Internet servers, which is available through the World Bank’s DataBank. The table describes the data of these two categories across the years with numerical values and the charts are a visual representation of the same data to help show the trends.

#6- Tourism; Air Transport- Emilie

Air Transport, Passengers carried [2002-2022] Data:

The line-graph above shows the quantitative values of the number of Indian citizens travelling via air transport over the past 20 years (2002-2022). From the years 2002-2019, we can observe a steady progression upward, meaning more people from India were travelling via air during those years. However, we can also observe a sharp decline in the year 2020 and no data markers present at all for either 2021-2022. This is due to India enforcing a strict travel ban in the early months of 2020 to reduce the spread of Covid-19 throughout their densely populated cities.

#7- Immigration and emigration; remittances-Emilie

The line graph shown above shows the trends of remittance immigration/emigration of India. The years of data in the sample range from the 3rd quarter of 2012 to the 4th quarter of 2017. The x-axis data on the graph is should in years, where each year is split into 4 quarters. This provides us with a larger sample size of data to see trends more effectively. The y-axis of this chart represents a unitless value where the higher peaks = growth in economic remittances.

For the most part, the data on the graph stays relatively horizontal, with the highest peak being 2013Q1 and the lowest peak was at 2017Q4. This means that the amount of money important and exported from India has stayed relatively constant, besides the gradual downward slope.

#8- Participation in international agreements- Miles

India currently has bilateral investment treaties with 85 total countries. If you would like to learn more about which countries it has a treaty with: click this link- https://icsid.worldbank.org/resources/databases/bilateral-investment-treaties

India is a signatory of 20 total RTAs. 8 of these RTAs are for goods and services while the other 12 RTAs are just for goods. If you would like to find out more about these agreements separately, here is the link: https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicSearchByCrResult.aspx
This is a visual representation of the countries India is involved with in RTA agreements. Something to note, India does not have any trade agreements with many countries in North America and no countries in Europe currently. The reason there are more counties than total RTAs is because when India signs into a specific RTA, other countries will be involved within this RTA, not just two countries.
This graph shows the number of RTAs India has had over the years. The notifications of RTAs in force means that there was an application for an RTA involving India in someway.

#9- Facebook users – Ethan Coccagna

This bar graph shows the number of Facebook users in India from 2017 to 2025. The indicator for each bar represents the amount of users in millions from 2017 to 2025. 2025 is projected to have well over 300 million Facebook users.

#10- Percentage of population speaking English / foreign languages – Ethan Coccagna

The graph above shows the different native and foreign languages since 2011. The lowest language spoken is Malayalam with only 2.93% of Indias population speaking the language. The most popular language spoken is Hindi with a majority of 57.10%. The runner up is English with 10.67% of the nations speakers.

FREEDOM- Miles and Ethan

Miles:

i.     total score and country status
–        2022: partly free with a score of 66/100
–        2021: Partly free with a score of 67/100
ii.     Political rights score; In terms of political rights, this country does particularly well on the electoral process, each factor had a 4/4 in this section; this country does particularly poorly on political pluralism and participation, each factor in this section ranged from 2/4 to a 4/4
iii.     Civil liberties score; In terms of civil liberties, this country does not do particularly well on much of anything. For each factor in this section every question had a score of 2/4 except for having a ¾ for one question in each factor; this country does particularly poorly on the rule of law, it has a 2/4 score for each question in this factor.

Ethan:

This graph shows the GNI per Capita and Income Thresholds in India from 1990 to 2020. The indicators show a steady increase after the year 1995 until 2020. China is also used as an example.

GDP (constant 2015 US$) – Chris

GDP (constant 2015 US$) -“GDP at purchaser’s prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources”. Information is from https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators.

Figure 3a1 – GDP (constant 2015 US$) in general has an increasing trend over the past 15 years.
IndiaGDP (constant 2015 US$)
20071,300,000,000,000
20081,300,000,000,000
20091,400,000,000,000
20101,500,000,000,000
20111,600,000,000,000
20121,700,000,000,000
20131,800,000,000,000
20141,900,000,000,000
20152,100,000,000,000
20162,300,000,000,000
20172,400,000,000,000
20182,600,000,000,000
20192,700,000,000,000
20202,500,000,000,000
20212,700,000,000,000
Figure 3a2

GDP growth (annual %) – Chris

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – represents the sum of value added by all producers within a country. Value added is the value of the gross output of producers less the value of intermediate goods and services consumed in production, before accounting for consumption of fixed capital in production. This information is from https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators.

Figure 3b1 – There appears to be a general trend of increase in GDP except for 2020 most likely due to the pandemic.
IndiaGDP Growth (annual %)
20077.7
20083.1
20097.9
20108.5
20115.2
20125.5
20136.4
20147.4
20158
20168.3
20176.8
20186.5
20193.7
2020-6.6
20218.9
Figure 3b2

Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) – Chris


Inflation – Is measured by the consumer price index (CPI) which reflects the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals. This information is from https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators.
Figure 3c1 – Inflation over the years of 2007 – 2021.
IndiaInflation, consumer prices (annual %)
20076.37
20088.35
200910.88
201011.99
20118.91
20129.48
201310.02
20146.67
20154.91
20164.95
20173.33
20183.94
20193.73
20206.62
20215.13
Figure 3c2

#4- Control of Corruption (James Hartmann)

Control of corruption captures perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including both petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as “capture” of the state by elites and private interests. This table lists the individual variables from each data source used to construct this measure in the Worldwide Governance Indicators

Figure 4a. Data on the control of corruption in India over the last 15 years in table format

Figure 4b1. Data on the control of corruption in India over the last 15 years in bar graph format

Figure 4b2. The control of corruption in India over the last 15 years compared to the average of other countries in the same income bracket

#5- Rule of Law (James Hartmann)

Rule of law captures perceptions of the extent to which agents have confidence in and abide by the rules of society, and in particular the quality of contract enforcement, property rights, the police, and the courts, as well as the likelihood of crime and violence. This table lists the individual variables from each data source used to construct this measure in the Worldwide Governance Indicators

Figure 5a. Data on the rule of law in India over the last 15 years in table format

Figure 5b1. Data on the rule of law in India over the last 15 years in bar graph format

Figure 5b2. The rule of law in India over the last 15 years compared to the average of other countries in the same income bracket

#6- Terrorism (Emilie Raczynski):

Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism measures perceptions of the likelihood of political instability and/or politically-motivated violence, including terrorism. This table lists the individual variables from each data source used to construct this measure in the Worldwide Governance Indicators.

Figure 6a. shows the number of terrorism related attacks in India from 1970-2020.
Figure 6b. shows the groups that are targeted with terroristic attacks.

#7 Government Effectiveness (Emilie Raczynski)

Government effectiveness captures perceptions of the quality of public services, the quality of the civil service and the degree of its independence from political pressures, the quality of policy formulation and implementation, and the credibility of the government’s commitment to such policies. This table lists the individual variables from each data source used to construct this measure in the Worldwide Governance Indicators.

Figure 7a. shows India’s governance ratings and percentile rank over the past 15 years.
Figure 7b1. shows a time series comparison of India’s Government effectiveness rank on a scale of 0-100 from 2007-2021.
Figure 7b2. shows India’s government effectiveness rate from 2007-2021 on a linear graph.